To understand how institutional capital is navigating this gap, 蹤獲弝け News recently interviewed , a partner at . Ranum has spent nearly 15 years at the firm, where he focuses on B2B enterprise software, security and industrial infrastructure. Prior to joining Sapphire, he spent 12 years as a product management and strategy executive at .

His recent investments include core infrastructure plays such as and , as well as the industrial AI platform .

In this e-mail interview, Ranum breaks down how the definition of net revenue retention is shifting, why he believes 2026 will see a historic run of major tech IPOs, and where real enterprise demand is materializing on the factory floor.

This interview has been edited for clarity and brevity.

蹤獲弝け News: You���ve been at Sapphire for 15 years. Right now, public market software multiples are at decade lows as Wall Street worries about AI disruption, while private AI valuations are hitting record highs. As a growth investor caught in the middle, how are you valuing companies today? Are traditional growth metrics like net revenue retention still the gold standard, or has the math completely changed?��

Ranum: The gap between public and private market signals right now is unlike anything I’ve seen. I think it creates a real opportunity for investors who can make sense of it. Public software multiples have come down hard, while private AI valuations are hitting record highs. Those two things can’t both be right indefinitely, but the fundamentals underneath are holding up. Gross margins, free cash flow, and NDR have actually improved. The market is broadly pricing in disruption risk, but the companies that are genuinely building enterprise value are still being built.

What that means for how I evaluate companies is that I’m spending more time on whether something is genuinely embedded in how enterprises work, not just whether the numbers look good today. NRR still matters. It tells you whether customers are finding real value. But it’s a lagging indicator. What tells me more is whether switching away from a product would meaningfully disrupt operations. If the answer is yes, that’s a more durable signal than any retention metric.

The current regulatory environment has essentially frozen large-scale tech M&A, and the IPO market is sluggish. If the traditional exit pathways are bottlenecked, how does that change the way you underwrite a Series B or C bet? Do companies just have to stay private and build to massive scale longer than they used to?��

Ranum: I���d push back a bit on the framing that M&A is frozen. Software M&A activity actually picked up meaningfully in 2025, with deal value rising 40% year over year to $334 billion across 678 transactions. We saw that in our own portfolio with over half a dozen acquisitions in the past six months. What���s changed is the pricing. The valuations are being reset, but the deals are getting done.

On IPOs, I believe 2026 is shaping up to be a historic year, with having gone public, having filed, and reportedly set to file soon. If they follow through, we’re looking at some of the largest IPOs ever over the next several months. That’s a remarkable moment. Below that tier, though, the picture is more nuanced. Companies that meet today’s higher bar will wait for more favorable conditions, likely into 2027 or beyond. That means you have to build accordingly, focusing on margin alongside revenue, so you have real optionality when the time comes. The secondary market also helps, giving companies and their investors more flexibility as they wait.

You used to love investing in what you called ���boring software,��� or tools that quietly automated mundane enterprise tasks. Today, every software company claims to be an AI company. In 2026, does traditional SaaS even exist as a viable investment category anymore, or is a software startup inherently unbackable if it isn���t AI-native from day one?

Ranum: I don���t think the narrative is AI vs. SaaS. Instead, it’s AI plus SaaS. The companies that are struggling aren’t struggling because they’re SaaS businesses. They’re struggling because investors are in a ���show me��� era, and they don’t have clear answers yet.

Show me the free cash flow. Show me the path to profitability. Show me how AI is actually helping you win. You can’t get a stock bump anymore just by claiming you’re integrating AI. The market wants evidence of monetization.

The way I think about it is whether a company is building something that fundamentally changes how work gets done, or just layering AI on top of a workflow that a human is still doing. We used to back systems of record and workflow companies where the human was doing all the work. Now we’re in a position where the system itself can come in and actually do some of those tasks. That’s a different category of value entirely, and it changes what we look for. The bar has moved, but the opportunity is very real for the companies that can clear it.

Your core thesis is that the LLM stack is fracturing into distinct, standalone billion-dollar layers, such as orchestration (LangChain) and identity (WorkOS). But we���re seeing a massive border war. Big model providers like OpenAI are building their own tools, and data giants like are buying up security tools. How do standalone startups protect their turf when giants encroach from both sides?

Ranum: Both fracturing and consolidation are happening simultaneously, and I think that’s actually the right way to think about it. The moat isn’t about being first in a category. It’s about becoming genuinely embedded in how enterprises work. The companies I’m most excited about are the ones capturing orchestrated workflows in which the enterprise’s actual processes run through the product. That makes them very hard to displace, regardless of what the giants are building around them.

Because of your background at SAP, you know how enterprise buyers think. Right now, CFOs are looking at massive AI pilot bills and demanding to see actual ROI. When a startup is pitching an enterprise on a software governance or security tool, how do they defend that line item to a cynical CFO before the enterprise has even fully figured out its core AI strategy?��

Ranum: What we consistently hear from buyers is that trust has become what actually separates the market. Security, governance, compliance, and auditability aren’t nice-to-haves anymore. They’re what make an AI deployment defensible when the CFO or the board asks hard questions.

And cost predictability is right alongside that. We’re in an era of greater focus on ROI, and enterprises want to know what this will cost them at scale before they commit. The vendors that can answer that question clearly are winning deals over the ones that can’t.

It feels like Silicon Valley is obsessed with the glamour of humanoid robots right now. Meanwhile, Sapphire���s big bets in this space, like Tractian, focus on practical, unglamorous industrial AI and predictive maintenance. Are humanoid robots an expensive venture capital distraction right now? Where is the actual, contract-signing enterprise demand on the factory floor today?��

Ranum: The near-term ROI story is in constrained, high-value industrial settings such as packing, picking, inspection, and maintenance. These environments have clear labor economics, manageable deployment risk, and real buying cycles. That’s where the contracts are getting signed today.

Our portfolio company Tractian is a good example of what that looks like in practice. Unplanned downtime costs the world’s 500 largest companies roughly 11% of their revenue annually, which is a massive, measurable problem.

Tractian addresses it directly by combining sensor hardware with AI that detects early warning signs of equipment failure. The value proposition is concrete before you sign the contract, and the platform gets smarter the longer you use it. That’s the kind of embedded, compounding value we look for.

The humanoid era will come, but the gradient approach beats the all-or-nothing bet for near-term value creation. Start with specific, well-defined tasks where the payoff is obvious and work from there. The market is ready for that today.

Heavy industry and manufacturing are notoriously slow to change. A startup can’t just plug a modern AI API into a 30-year-old machine on a factory floor. For founders trying to build in the industrial tech space, is the winning strategy to build entirely new autonomous hardware, or is the bigger venture opportunity in retrofitting the world’s existing infrastructure with smart software?��

Ranum: I believe the winning strategy is smart software layered on top of existing infrastructure rather than replacing it. Factories aren’t going to rip out 30-year-old machines because a startup has a better alternative. That’s just not how it works. The opportunity is in making those machines intelligent.

That said, the hardware-plus-software combination really does matter. You can’t get the data without the sensors. But the durable value is in the software layer that keeps learning over time. That’s where I���m focused.

In pure software, a buggy AI agent might mean a broken spreadsheet or a weird email draft ��� annoying, but fixable. In robotics and industrial tech, a mistake means a factory line shutting down or a broken multimillion-dollar asset. From a venture perspective, how much harder is it to scale a robotics startup when the cost of product failure is so high in the physical world?��

Ranum: I’d actually reframe the question. The cost of failure in physical environments is what makes the value proposition defensible. When the downside of getting it wrong is measurable, the upside of getting it right is equally concrete. You can walk into a sales conversation and show a customer exactly what prevention is worth before they sign anything. That’s a different conversation than selling software, where ROI takes quarters to show up.

From a scaling perspective, the key is discipline about where you deploy first.

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This is a weekly feature that runs down the week���s top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week���s biggest funding deal roundup here.

AI once again dominated venture funding this week, claiming five of the 10 largest announced rounds, including a pair of billion-dollar financings for AI infrastructure and cybersecurity that led the pack. Investors also continued to back quantum computing, geothermal energy, crypto infrastructure and aerospace startups with large checks. Let���s take a look.

1. (tied) , $1B, cybersecurity: Keyfactor raised a $1 billion private equity round led by. Other investors in the private equity round for the Independence, Ohio-based company included and . Keyfactor provides digital identity and machine identity management software that helps enterprises secure certificates, encryption keys and connected devices. It has now raised $1.21 billion to date, .

1. (tied) , $1B, AI infrastructure: Palo Alto, California-based SambaNova officially announced a long-awaited $1 billion Series F deal at an $11 billion post-money valuation led by. A of other investors joined the round, including ,,,,, and. SambaNova develops AI chips and enterprise AI infrastructure for training and inference workloads. The company has raised nearly $2.5 billion to date, .

3. , $300M, quantum computing: , and co-led a sizable $300 million Series A for South Pasadena, California-based quantum startup Oratomic. A of 16�� investors participated in the round, including , , , co-founder , and computer scientist . Oratomic is developing neutral-atom quantum hardware and fault-tolerant architectures designed to accelerate the commercialization of quantum computing, an area that has seen robust venture investment in recent years.

4. , $134M, clean energy: Houston-based Quaise Energy raised a $134 million Series B led by . Additional investors included , and. Quaise is developing millimeter-wave drilling technology to unlock deep geothermal energy, an emerging source of carbon-free power. To date, the company has raised $225 million.

5. , $130M, artificial intelligence: San Francisco-based Prime Intellect raised a $130 million Series A led by . A of investors ��� many of them prominent Silicon Valley figures �����joined, including CEO , 唬楚倏泭 , co-founder , CEO and co-CEO . Corporate investors , and also backed the round. Prime is building an open platform for training and deploying AI models across distributed compute networks. It has now raised $200.4 million total, .

6. , $125M, crypto infrastructure: New York-based Gauntlet raised a $125 million Series B, with Japan���s as the sole investor. The company develops simulation, risk management and optimization software for decentralized finance protocols.

7. , $120M, artificial intelligence: New York-based Norm AI secured a $120 million Series C led by at a reported $1.2 billion valuation to expand its AI-powered regulatory compliance platform. The company develops AI systems that translate complex laws and regulations into software to help enterprises automate their compliance workflows. The latest funding included a long list of other venture, corporate and individual backers including , , , and , the chairman of and former president of , which also participated in Norm AI���s deal. The startup has now raised just over $256 million, .

8. , $91M, aerospace and defense: Aerospace continues to draw substantial investor attention, as was the case this week with Houston-based Venus Aerospace���s $91 million Series B. backed the round, which will be used to advance development of Venus��� hypersonic propulsion technology. The company is building engines and aircraft designed to dramatically reduce long-distance flight times while supporting future defense applications. It has now raised $197 million total. An of investors joined in its Series B, including , , , and .

9. , $76M, fintech: Digital asset exchange EDX Markets raised $76 million as institutional interest in crypto trading infrastructure continues to grow. The deal was backed by sole investor , marking the second large crypto funding deal for the Japanese firm this week, along with Gauntlet���s aforementioned round. EDX operates a marketplace designed specifically for institutional investors. It���s not clear how much it raised in previous rounds.

10. , $67.4M, biotechnology: Philadelphia-based Fore Biotherapeutics (previously known as NovellusDx) raised $67.4 million in Series D funding to advance its precision oncology therapies targeting rare cancer mutations. The company is developing targeted treatments for patients whose tumors are driven by specific genetic alterations. led the latest round, which brings its total to date to just over $274 million. , , , and other investors also joined.

Large non-US deals:

Several startups based outside the U.S. also raised notable fundings this week. They include:

• , ���411M, fusion energy: Munich-based Proxima Fusion raised a ���411 million (about $468 million) Series B funding round to develop what���s poised to become Europe���s first commercial fusion energy power plant. Lead investors in the round include , , and .
• , ���200M, workplace tech: led the ���200 million ($229 million) private-equity round for Paris-based Skello, which makes HR software for employers to handle tasks such as payroll, scheduling, compliance and employee communications.

Methodology

We tracked the largest announced rounds in the 蹤獲弝け database that were raised by U.S.-based companies for the period of July 4-10. Although most announced rounds are represented in the database, there could be a small time lag as some rounds are reported late in the week.

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Our inboxes overflowed with interesting deals in the past month, but we managed to sift through them all to find the five most intriguing ones.

They include a startup that���s simultaneously developing AI models for biology and trying to prevent the threats that stem from those types of advances, a company that says it wants to prevent modern day private markets from the kind of paperwork crisis that shut down Wall Street in the ’60s, and AI agents that can dispatch plumbers and electricians to your door.

$50M for ‘general biological intelligence’

AI has conquered text, images and code. Now one startup wants to do the same for DNA.

San Francisco-based last month emerged from stealth with a hefty $50 million seed round led by , with participation from , , and . The startup said it also received pre-seed backing from co-founder .

Radical Numerics was founded by the team behind , one of the first AI models capable of reading and generating DNA sequences at scale. The startup���s mission is even more ambitious: building what it calls ���general biological intelligence,��� or multimodal AI models that can reason across DNA, RNA, proteins and other biological data to accelerate drug discovery, cancer diagnostics and biosecurity.

Alongside the funding, the company previewed Omnii, its next-generation genome language model.

The company’s dual focus on human health and biodefense reflects a growing theme in frontier AI investing. 蹤獲弝け data shows that as models become increasingly capable of designing biological systems, investors have poured tens of millions of dollars into startups that promise not only to accelerate scientific discovery, but also help detect and defend against AI-generated biological threats.

���Evo showed that AI can generate DNA and whole genomes, the next generation of models will go further with the ability to control function, and eventually, create entirely new forms of life,��� Radical Numerics CEO said in a statement. ���Our multimodal models are already far more capable, and we understand the responsibility that comes with that. The same models that can help cure disease may also lower the barrier to designing harmful biology. These forces are inseparable. Biology will be the most consequential application of AI.���

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$40M for AI that dispatches the plumber

The AI gold rush has reached an unlikely destination: your local plumber and HVAC company. New York-based said last month that it has raised $40 million in new funding: a $34 million Series A led by and a $6 million seed round led by , with Sequoia also participating in the Series A.

The startup is building what it calls an AI operating system for home service businesses, from plumbers and electricians to HVAC contractors. Rather than adding yet another AI chatbot or voice agent, Probook says it aims to replace the patchwork of software many contractors use with a single platform centered on dispatch, arguably the most critical function in the business.

Its software ties together customer intake, scheduling, messaging and outbound communications so technicians spend less time waiting for jobs and office staff spend less time coordinating them.

“I started Probook to solve a problem in my own business,” Probook CEO and co-founder said in a statement. “I grew up pressure washing in upstate New York with my dad. Six summers in the truck. I spent two to three hours of my day driving between jobs. I’d be up on a ladder washing a house and miss calls because I couldn’t hear my phone ringing.”

The company is tapping into a growing trend of vertical AI startups targeting industries that have historically lagged in software adoption, and they���re seeing keen enthusiasm from investors betting that trades such as plumbing, electrical and HVAC represent a massive opportunity to automate workflows and potentially boost profit margins for businesses that still run much of their operations by phone, clipboard and spreadsheet.

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$25M for subterranean warfare

Defense investors have poured billions into startups developing drones and missiles for the sky, tanks and other vehicles for land warfare, and autonomous military vessels for the water.

But a newly funded startup, , is betting the next battlefield is below the ground. The Austin-based startup emerged from stealth last month with a $25 million seed round led by , with participation from a long list of other investors including , , , and , and strategic angels including and founders from and .

Traysar calls itself the world’s first “subterra” defense tech company. Rather than building systems for the skies or seas, it’s developing autonomous platforms that can tunnel underground, map subterranean networks, breach hardened infrastructure and deliver payloads beneath the Earth’s surface. It���s there that it says modern warfare is increasingly being conducted in places like Iran, with its underground nuclear bunkers; Gaza, which has a vast Hamas-built subterranean tunnel network; and Ukraine, which has moved more of its military infrastructure beneath the surface to protect it from aerial drone threats.

The startup, whose founding team includes former engineers from and , is developing two autonomous underground systems. The first is an excavator-type robot designed to navigate, map and breach tunnels from within, giving military operators a way to explore or disable underground networks without sending in troops.

The second is a high-speed burrowing platform that drills new underground access points and can carry payloads ��� from explosives to sensing equipment ��� beneath the surface, bringing tunnel-boring technology to the battlefield.

Through the first half of 2026, defense-tech startups globally raised nearly $15.8 billion, by far the largest funding half-year for the sector on record, per 蹤獲弝け data. Of course, the vast majority of that has gone toward above-ground or marine technologies.

���The global defense industry has a vertical bias: hundreds of billions flow skyward into missiles, missile defense, drones, and counter-drone systems, while adversaries dig in building deeply buried facilities the U.S. cannot reliably strike, and cannot affordably keep disabled,��� Traysar in its funding announcement.

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$23.7M for AI growth tools for small businesses

Most AI startups chase large enterprise customers. is betting the neighborhood coffee shop and corner restaurant are the bigger opportunity.

The New York-based startup last month emerged from stealth with $23.7 million in funding, including a $19.5 million Series A led by . , ‘s , , , , and also participated.

Pie says it���s creating an AI-powered growth platform that helps local merchants get discovered�� across AI search platforms like ChatGPT and Claude where customers increasingly begin their searches, as well as more traditional marketing channels like Maps, and .

The company also unveiled Front Desk, an AI agent that it says can answer calls around the clock, book appointments and handle customer inquiries when business owners can’t get to the phone.

Founded by former and executives, Pie says it has already reached thousands of businesses through partnerships with industry software providers while operating in stealth.

���Pie is bringing AI to Main Street by starting with one of the biggest pain points for small business owners: finding new customers,��� , partner at Lightspeed, said in a statement. ���Customer acquisition is a powerful entry point, but the broader vision is to build an AI platform that can support small businesses across more of their daily operations over time.���

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$2M to tackle the private market paperwork crisis

Wall Street once got so buried in paperwork that the shut down every Wednesday . Six decades later, Berlin-based thinks private markets are headed toward a similar reckoning and just raised $2 million to stop it.

The company���s pre-seed round was led by , with participation from and individuals from firms including and .

Founded by two early employees of fund administration startup , Nomerra is building AI agents for the operational work that keeps private capital markets running behind the scenes.

While public markets rely on standardized infrastructure, private markets still depend heavily on emails, PDFs, spreadsheets and disconnected software, the company said. Its software plugs into existing ERP systems, banking platforms and document repositories, then uses AI agents to read documents, reconcile information across systems and complete workflows such as fund accounting, treasury operations and transfer agency work.

At the same time, private markets are expected to swell from roughly $13 trillion today to more than $30 trillion over the coming years, according to Nomerra, even as the industry faces a shortage of qualified accounting and operations professionals.

Rather than replacing existing software, the company says it aims to automate the manual tasks that have traditionally required growing back-office teams.

���Think of how telephone operators used to connect one caller to another by plugging cables into a switchboard,��� , Nomerra co-founder and CEO, said in a statement. ���Today, the idea that humans once routed every phone call manually seems absurd. Private market operations are at the same turning point. In a few years, people will look back and wonder how any of this was ever done by hand.���

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• 5 Interesting Startup Deals You May Have Missed: On-Demand Custom Manufacturing, Underwater Geothermal Energy, And Adventure Group Travel
• 5 Interesting Startup Deals You May Have Missed: A Law Firm Operating System, Building Defense Tech Near The Battlefield, And Cell-Based Milk
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Within the region, U.K. startups gained significant share in Q2, raising more than $10 billion. That marked the third-largest funding quarter for the U.K. on record, and came in at less than $500 million below its peak quarter in 2021.

蹤獲弝け startup M&A activity also picked up in Q1 and continued that momentum in Q2, even as public-market exits stayed subdued.

Table of contents

• Large rounds drive gains
• H1 2026 up 50%
• UK momentum builds
• By stage
• Looking ahead
• Methodology
• Glossary of funding terms

Large rounds drive gains

Four companies raised venture fundings of a billion dollars or more last quarter, accounting for 25% of all startup investment in the region in Q2, 蹤獲弝け data shows.

Those billion-dollar-plus rounds were raised by an AI-centric group: -owned AI drug developer , which was spun out of ; green steel production manufacturer ; , which is developing robots for home and industrial applications; and , an AI lab founded by former DeepMind researchers.

However, most of the growth in funding year over year and quarter over quarter was driven by rounds of $100 million and over. The majority of funding ��� 65% �����went to a group of 42 companies that raised rounds of $100 million-plus. Sectors that stood out for these companies include�� biotech, quantum, financial services, AI labs, aerospace, semiconductor, robotics and energy.

H1 2026 up 50%

Funding to Europe-based startups in H1 was up 50% year over year to total $42 billion, 蹤獲弝け data shows. Still, the region���s startup investment for the first half of the year remained well below the 2021 H1 peak, when VC funding in Europe totaled $60 billion.

It���s also drastically lower than the $392 billion raised in North America���s record-setting H1, with that region���s funding up 158% year over year.

Europe���s funding deal count subsided last quarter, but mostly at the seed stage. Late-stage rounds were up a bit, while early-stage deals dipped slightly year over year. (It���s worth noting, seed stage rounds are often added to the 蹤獲弝け data set after the close of the quarter, so those numbers will increase over time.)

UK momentum builds

The United Kingdom widened its venture-funding lead last quarter, as startups based in the country raised $10.4 billion ��� not far from the peak in 2021 at $10.8 billion.

The region���s No. 2 startup market, Germany, trailed with $3.2 billion raised by its startups in Q2, and France followed in third place with $2.4 billion. Sweden was Europe���s fourth-largest startup market last quarter, with its companies raising $2 billion.

蹤獲弝け data shows funding to Europe���s AI-focused companies reached more than $10 billion in Q2 ��� the largest quarterly amount so far ��� but slightly below the Q1 percentage, when those companies raised more than half of the region���s startup investment.

By stage

Europe���s late-stage funding totaled $12.1 billion in Q2, up 90% year over year. Large Series C and D rounds were raised by Germany-based robotics developer Neura Robotics; Netherlands-based , which makes inspection tools for semiconductor manufacturing; U.K.-based quantum computing startup ; and Germany-based satellite launcher .

Early-stage funding reached $8.6 billion across 250-plus Europe-based startups last quarter, 蹤獲弝け data shows. Large Series A and Series B rounds were raised by London-based Isomorphic Labs, London-based AI self-learning lab , Germany-based fusion energy company , London-based semiconductor developer , and London-based quantum processor provider .

蹤獲弝け seed funding totaled $3.2 billion last quarter, with a billion dollars of that raised by just one company: Ineffable Intelligence.

Other large seed rounds were raised by , a London-based AI lab for science; Italy-based autonomous driving technology producer ; and Stockholm-based defense tech company .

M&A increase

While IPO activity for 蹤獲弝け startups was muted, M&A showed strong momentum following increased activity in Q1. A total of 154 Europe-based, venture-backed companies were acquired for a cumulative $11.5 billion or more in Q2, 蹤獲弝け data shows. That includes three companies acquired for more than $1 billion each in biotech, industrial AI and micromobility.

Looking ahead

蹤獲弝け startup investment has now steadily increased since the fourth quarter of 2024, with increased momentum in the just-ended quarter, driven by larger rounds of $100 million and over. The region���s startup ecosystem shows particular strength in deep tech and financial services as well as the formation of new AI labs, and M&A activity has fueled liquidity for the next batch of startups.

Now the question remains: Will it be enough to keep Europe competitive with the frontrunners, the U.S. and China?

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Related reading:

• 蹤獲弝け Data: Global Startup Investment Hit Record $510B In H1 2026 As AI Boom Accelerates Funding And Exits
• North American Startup Funding Shattered Records In First Half Of 2026, Driven By AI

Methodology

The data contained in this report comes directly from 蹤獲弝け, and is based on reported data. Data is as of July 6, 2026.

Note that data lags are most pronounced at the earliest stages of venture activity, with seed funding amounts increasing significantly after the end of a quarter/year.

Please note that all funding values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted. 蹤獲弝け converts foreign currencies to U.S. dollars at the prevailing spot rate from the date funding rounds, acquisitions, IPOs and other financial events are reported. Even if those events were added to 蹤獲弝け long after the event was announced, foreign currency transactions are converted at the historic spot price.

Glossary of funding terms

Seed and angel consists of seed, pre-seed and angel rounds. 蹤獲弝け also includes venture rounds of unknown series, equity crowdfunding and convertible notes at $3 million (USD or as-converted USD equivalent) or less.

Early-stage consists of Series A and Series B rounds, as well as other round types. 蹤獲弝け includes venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $3 million, and those less than or equal to $15 million.

Late-stage consists of Series C, Series D, Series E and later-lettered venture rounds following the ���Series [Letter]��� naming convention. Also included are venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $15 million. Corporate rounds are only included if a company has raised an equity funding at seed through a venture series funding round.

Technology growth is a private-equity round raised by a company that has previously raised a ���venture��� round. (So basically, any round from the previously defined stages.)

Smith spent eight years on active duty, serving as a technical product manager building satellites and software for national defense for the and . When he returned home from a seven-month deployment, Smith looked at the data surrounding community college transfers to four-year universities and realized how low the success rates were.

���You have a higher chance of success [of attaining a bachelor���s degree] by pursuing a military academy ��� than if you go to any community college ���,��� Smith said in an interview with 蹤獲弝け News. “That didn’t really make sense to me.���

He then entered graduate school and launched in 2019 while working on his MBA��at .

Now, the Los Angeles-based startup tells 蹤獲弝け News exclusively that it has secured a $13.3 million Series A funding round to scale its AI-native platform, which automates the manual back-office workflows that can slow down university admissions.

led the financing, which included participation from , , , , , , and others.

The new capital brings EdVisorly���s total funding to about $22 million and marks a significant valuation step-up from its previous tranches, according to CEO Smith.

The startup���s funding comes amid an overall downturn in investment in the sector. Venture funding to education-related companies has in recent years come in at a fraction of the sums such startups raised during the pandemic peak, when investment topped out at nearly $20 billion in 2021. Through the first half of 2026, however, edtech and education-related startups have raised just under $1.8 billion globally, . That���s below the $2.5 billion raised in the first half of last year, but a notch higher than the $1.4 billion raised in the second half of 2025.

Automating the back office

EdVisorly aims to take the slow, manual paperwork out of the college admissions and transfer process.

The software doesn’t decide which students get accepted and does not serve as a gatekeeper, Smith emphasized. Instead, he said, it is designed to handle the tedious, behind-the-scenes administrative tasks that bog down university staff.

The driver behind EdVisorly���s recent growth is its proprietary platform, EddyAI. The tool works to automate repetitive back-office workflows in the admissions and enrollment process, including tasks such as reading student transcripts and recalculating GPAs based on a university���s specific criteria.

“We automate a lot of the backend processes,��� Smith said.

For the 10.5 million community college students in the U.S. trying to transfer to a four-year university, the process is usually a total guessing game. EdVisorly aims to bridge that gap.

Applicants are able to upload their transcripts into its platform to run an unofficial credit evaluation. The app automatically reads their classes and matches them against university requirements. Even before they ever speak to an admissions counselor, families can learn exactly how their credits stack up, what a degree will cost, and how many semesters a student would have remaining.

On the university side, registrars use the same technology to process official transfer credits and quickly build new credit-matching rules, bypassing a process that historically required a human to review every course.

“The technology actually reads the transcript, it takes that data from the transcript, and it compares it to the equivalencies that the school has,” Smith noted. “There’s kind of an infinite number of ��� transferable credits and courses that could exist across the United States.���

The startup���s next iteration will focus on organizing all of that data, ���so that there’s no mystery as to whether a student’s credits will transfer,��� Smith said.

Both sides of the market

EdVisorly counts more than 100 colleges, universities and higher education systems as customers. Its roster includes institutions such as the , the , and . It has helped over 250,000 students since its inception, per the company.

The startup sells directly to higher education institutions via a B2B subscription model. Smith uses a management framework from his military days to run deployments: People come first, clear policies come second, and technology sits at the bottom as a tool to support them.

“We believe in not the concept of replacement, but truly repurposed,” Smith said. “Technology can best be implemented when you have people who are willing to adopt, and they’re innovative, and they’re excited.”

Its Series A funding will go toward upgrading the platform’s core engineering infrastructure and adding more UX designers to polish the student-facing app. Currently, the company has nearly 50 employees.

, managing partner and founder at Breachway Capital, said he is most excited about EdVisorly���s ���breadth of impact.���

���This is not a solution that optimizes for one side of the market at the expense of another,��� he wrote via email. ���It drives real efficiency and tangible value for institutions while delivering a meaningfully better experience for students navigating one of the most important decisions of their lives. That is a truly unique value proposition.���

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Per 蹤獲弝け data, and stood out among the most active U.S. venture and lead venture investors in the second quarter. The highest-spending investors, meanwhile, appear to be those who co-led ���s massive financing.

To get a more expanded sense of how busy startup backers spent their quarter, we put together several rankings for active investors. These include active venture backers, lead investors, highest spenders and prolific seed dealmakers.

Active venture investors

We���ll start with the most active post-seed investors. By this metric 1, the standouts for Q2 were General Catalyst, and Andreessen Horowitz, with 39, 34 and 28 deals, respectively. Of those, more than two-thirds were for AI-focused startups, per 蹤獲弝け data.

All are names that repeatedly show up high in active investor rankings. Y Combinator in particular regularly comes up near the top as it habitually makes nonlead follow-on investments in startups that participated in its accelerator program.

Below, we ranked the 19 most active investors for Q2:

Most active lead investors

When we narrow the ranks to only lead investors in venture rounds, the lineup changes some, but not dramatically.

By this metric, Andreessen Horowitz comes in first with 17 deals. and General Catalyst are tied for second, with 13 led or co-led rounds each.

Overall, at least 12 investors led or co-led six or more venture rounds in Q2. We rank them below.

Highest-spending post-seed investors

Of course, the investors with the largest number of lead deals aren���t necessarily the ones who put the most capital to work.

To get a sense of the highest-spending startup investors for Q2, we look at who led or co-led rounds with the largest aggregate value. It���s not an exact tally, as investors rarely disclose their share of a particular round syndicate. However, it does give a sense of who has been writing seriously large checks.

For Q2, the top slots in this spendy investor ranking were dominated by backers. This included 10 co-lead investors in ���s $50 billion May , as well as , which led a $10 billion separate tranche, and , which led a $5 billion tranche.

Overall, there were 23 investors who led or co-led U.S. venture rounds valued at $2 billion or more in Q2. We rank them below.

Active seed investors

Among seed investors, the usual front-runner, Y Combinator, retained the top slot in Q2. The famed accelerator backed at least 225 seed, pre-seed or convertible note rounds for newly formed startups during the quarter.

was a distant second in the ranks, followed by . Below, we rank the 20 most active seed-stage investors in Q2:

No slowdown

Overall, the active investor ranks paint an image of a startup funding scene still in high gear. All the elements are there: big deals, high round counts and vibrant activity across stages.

We���ll see if it keeps up in Q3.

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But then you ask the only question that really matters: ���Why are the numbers improving?���

That is where the actual strategic discussion begins.

Was growth improving because the company found a repeatable sales motion, or because it offered large discounts? Was retention strong because the product became deeply embedded in customer workflows, or because renewals had not yet come under pressure? Was gross margin structurally strong, or were infrastructure costs simply being pushed into the future?

Metrics and KPIs are useful. They give us a snapshot of the business. But they do not shine a light on strategy. They are the result of strategy ��� or sometimes the result of a lack of it.

Here are three areas where founders and boards should look deeper into unit economics and the strategies behind them.

LTV/CAC: Look at the quality of acquisition

LTV/CAC is one of the most important SaaS metrics. A strong ratio usually suggests the company can acquire customers efficiently and retain them profitably. But two companies can both report a 4x LTV/CAC ratio and still be very different businesses.

One may reach that ratio because it has strong positioning, low acquisition costs through partner programs, viral marketing, high retention through workflow integrations, and expansion revenue from additional products or services. Another may reach the same reported ratio because it charges higher upfront prices, assumes a longer customer lifetime, or has not yet seen churn show up in the data. On paper, both look efficient. In practice, one may have a healthy acquisition engine while the other may be relying on assumptions that still need to be proven.

When reviewing LTV/CAC, boards should ask:

• Is the company clearly positioned?
• Is it focused on the right customer segment?
• Are customers coming from scalable channels or expensive paid acquisition?
• Is pricing strong enough to justify the sales effort?
• Do we have cross-sell and upsell opportunities baked into the offering?
• Is the payback period reasonable?

A weak LTV/CAC ratio is not always a sales problem. Sometimes it is a positioning problem, a pricing problem or a market-selection problem.

GRR and NRR: Understand why customers stay

GRR and NRR are critical because they show whether customer revenue stays and expands. But they do not explain why customers stay or expand. Strong dollar retention usually comes from becoming embedded in the customer���s workflow.

The product delivers fast time-to-value, integrates with important systems, becomes part of a daily process, and becomes difficult to replace.

That is when expansion becomes easier. More seats, more usage, more modules, more geographies, more products. This is why setting a board goal to ���increase NRR��� is not enough. The real discussion should be around onboarding, integrations, product depth, customer success, pricing tiers and expansion paths.

Dollar retention improves when the product becomes more valuable, more embedded and more scalable within each customer.

Rule of 40 and Rule of 4: Check the quality of growth

ARR growth matters, but the board should ask what kind of growth it is. The Rule of 40 shows whether the company is balancing growth and profitability.

But a better number can come from real efficiency, or from cutting too deeply into product, customer success and future growth. The Rule of 4 adds a simple durability check: ARR growth divided by annual customer churn should be above four. If it is low, growth may be hiding a leaking bucket.

So the board should ask two questions:

Are we becoming more efficient, or simply underinvesting?

Are we growing on top of a loyal customer base, or replacing customers we should have kept?

Let���s use these metrics to dive deeper into the core long-term strategy.

is a strategic adviser to tech companies, investors, CEOs and boards, specializing in strategy, growth and M&A. He is a guest contributor to 蹤獲弝け News and a university lecturer on strategy, finance and entrepreneurship. Learn more at and connect with him on .

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If that introductory sentence sounds familiar, that���s because it���s the same storyline we reported for the first quarter, when drove investment to stratospheric heights with the largest venture round of all time.

Total investment for the second quarter of 2026 was comparatively lower, but still ranked as the second spendiest on record. Investors continued to pour huge sums into AI high-flyers, with a giant financing for accounting for about half of the quarterly tally.

Overall, investment in U.S. and Canadian startups totaled a staggering $392 billion for the first half of 2026, per 蹤獲弝け data, dwarfing anything we���ve seen before.

For Q2, meanwhile, investment totaled $137.2 billion. That���s also massively higher than any prior comp, with the lone exception of Q1.

Capital concentration was the name of the game. For both Q1 and Q2, historically high investment levels were the result of giant rounds, not increases in overall deal count. Deal count remained well below prior high marks for recent years, as charted below.

As usual, capital also concentrated at late stage. However, early-stage investment still rose in Q2, boosted once again by AI.

Of course, the past few months were a blowout period for giant exits as well. led in Q2 with the largest IPO of all time. It followed up with the acquisition of , which was a record-setting startup M&A deal. In addition, we saw a handful of comparatively smaller but still sizable public offerings and acquisitions.

For a more granular look at funding and exit dynamics for the second quarter, below we break down investments by stage and look at the role of AI in boosting totals. We also look at standout IPOs and M&A deals.

Table of contents

• Late stage
• Early stage
• Seed
• AI
• Exits
• IPOs
• M&A
• Uncharted territory
• Methodology
• Glossary of funding terms

Late stage

We���ll start with later stage and technology growth deals, since that���s where most of the money went.

For Q2, funding for this category totaled around $101 billion. It was the second-highest tally in five quarters, as charted below, and also the second-highest of all time.

was by far the quarter���s heftiest fundraiser, pulling in $65 billion at a $965 billion post-money valuation. The financing included $50 billion in a May round led by , , and , as well as corporate-led rounds by ($5 billion) and ($10 billion). Anthropic followed up in June by filing confidentially for an IPO.

Defense tech unicorn also picked up a big round, securing $5 billion in a May Series H financing led by and .

Early stage

Early-stage investment hit the highest level in more than three years in Q2, offering fresh proof that megarounds aren���t only a thing for more established startups.

Overall, North American early-stage funding totaled just over $31 billion, nearly double year-ago levels and up about 15% from Q1. Deal count, however, hit the lowest point in five quarters, as charted below.

A single deal contributed more than 40% of the quarterly early-stage funding total. That was the $12 billion financing for , a startup focused on physical AI that counts as a co-founder.

The three next-largest deals were far smaller by comparison, but still quite big by early-stage standards. , an AI startup working on ���personalized intelligence,��� raised $700 million. Behind that came , a startup building an AI system based on the human brain that picked up $500 million, which was followed by , an AI robotics upstart that closed on $400 million.

Seed

While early-stage funding was up, seed investment in Q2 actually declined a bit from prior quarter and year-ago levels.

Per 蹤獲弝け data, around $4.9 billion went to seed and angel rounds in the second quarter, down 15% from the prior quarter and down 27% from a year ago. Round counts also dropped, though we expect that number to rise a bit over time as smaller seed deals commonly get added to the dataset weeks or months after they close.

Still, seed totals also got a boost from a handful of unusually large rounds. The biggest was a $200 million financing for , a foundational AI startup focused on R&D. Overall, at least five companies raised seed or angel rounds of $100 million or more in Q2, per 蹤獲弝け data.

AI

Once again, venture funding for the quarter was overwhelmingly dominated by AI.

About 80% of investment across stages went to AI-focused startups in Q2, per 蹤獲弝け data. Overall funding to AI categories was nearly triple year-ago levels, though still down from Q1, which had the record-setting $122 billion OpenAI financing.

A majority of AI-focused funding for Q2 was from three previously mentioned rounds for Anthropic, Prometheus and Anduril.

Exits

In addition to backing giant rounds, investors also scored some big returns on prior investment in the form of IPO and acquisitions.

IPOs

On the IPO front, Q2 brought us the historic public market debut of SpaceX. The rocket, satellite and AI giant raised $75 billion in the largest IPO of all time in June. With a recent market cap around $2.1 trillion, it���s currently the sixth-most valuable American public company.

While no one else will come close to topping that, the quarter did also bring us a handful of other sizable debuts by venture-backed companies. Of this, the most closely watched was AI infrastructure and chip designer , which raised $5.6 billion in its May IPO.

Quantum computing company delivered another big debut with its June IPO, followed by , a developer of modular nuclear reactors. For a broader view, below we list the largest IPOs of the quarter by venture-backed North American companies.

M&A

The second quarter also delivered the largest startup acquisition of all time: SpaceX���s $60 billion of AI coding tool Cursor and its parent company . SpaceX first announced an option to purchase the company in April and consummated the deal after its IPO.

In biotech, the largest purchase was from , which announced in April that it was acquiring , a developer of gene therapies, in a deal valued at up to $7 billion in cash.

Other standout deals include ���s acquisition of AI chip startup for $4 billion and ���s 1��acquisition of , a provider of AI-enabled customer experience tools.

Below, we rank the largest transactions:

Uncharted territory

For those wondering where we go from here, it seems pertinent to note that startup history doesn���t give much material for case studies to compare with the first half and second quarter of 2026. Never before have we seen such massive funding rounds, such a highly valued venture-backed company debut, or a startup acquisition to rival the Cursor purchase.

Looking forward, it appears that high-flying startups and their backers expect the current unprecedented conditions to persist, with Anthropic and OpenAI both signaling their intentions to go public at valuations close to or exceeding $1 trillion. Meanwhile, massive startup funding rounds are still happening at a steady clip, with deals in excess of $1 billion no longer an anomaly.

Will these trends persist? Who knows. At this point, however, it���s assumed in startup circles that there will be some enormous winners in the age of AI. The question still is: Who will prevail?

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Methodology

The data contained in this report comes directly from 蹤獲弝け, and is based on reported data. Data is as of July 2, 2026.

Note that data lags are most pronounced at the earliest stages of venture activity, with seed funding amounts increasing significantly after the end of a quarter/year.

Please note that all funding values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted. 蹤獲弝け converts foreign currencies to U.S. dollars at the prevailing spot rate from the date funding rounds, acquisitions, IPOs and other financial events are reported. Even if those events were added to 蹤獲弝け long after the event was announced, foreign currency transactions are converted at the historic spot price.

Glossary of funding terms

Seed and angel consists of seed, pre-seed and angel rounds. 蹤獲弝け also includes venture rounds of unknown series, equity crowdfunding and convertible notes at $3 million (USD or as-converted USD equivalent) or less.

Early-stage consists of Series A and Series B rounds, as well as other round types. 蹤獲弝け includes venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $3 million, and those less than or equal to $15 million.

Late-stage consists of Series C, Series D, Series E and later-lettered venture rounds following the ���Series [Letter]��� naming convention. Also included are venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $15 million. Corporate rounds are only included if a company has raised an equity funding at seed through a venture series funding round.

Technology growth is a private-equity round raised by a company that has previously raised a ���venture��� round. (So basically, any round from the previously defined stages.)

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Nonetheless, amid a period of soaring , rising EV adoption rates, and accelerating progress in fusion and other fields, cleantech investment activity isn���t slowing down.

In the first half of this year, investors poured $15 billion into seed- through growth-stage rounds for companies in 蹤獲弝け cleantech, EV and sustainability-focused categories. That puts funding on track to slightly exceed the 2025 tally, which was the lowest in several years.

On a quarterly basis, funding is also on the rise. Around $8 billion went to companies in cleantech and related categories in the second quarter of this year, the highest quarterly total since 2024.

Even taking into account recent gains, however, cleantech funding remains far below its former peak in 2021 and 2022. Given that overall venture funding has risen with the AI boom, cleantech also accounts for a smaller share of total investment.

Where funding is concentrating

That���s not to say megarounds aren���t getting done in the sector. A look at the largest funding rounds of 2026 paints a varied picture of where capital is concentrating.

Stockholm-based green steel producer scored the largest financing of 2026, securing $1.6 billion in a round led by Swedish asset manager . Stegra plans to use the money to complete the construction of its large-scale steel plant.

The next-biggest round went to , a -backed startup that has been generating buzz and reservations for a flagship electric pickup starting at around $25,000 that can be converted to an SUV. Troy, Michigan-based Slate raised $650 million in Series C funding in April and plans to deliver its first trucks to customers later this year.

The third- and fourth-largest financings were fusion deals. The latest of those went to , which raised $465 million in a June Series G funding to go toward building a fusion power plant. The -led round set a $15.5 billion post-money valuation for the Everett, Washington-based company.

A few months earlier, fusion startup picked up $450 million in Series A funding led by . The San Francisco-based company, formed around a fusion breakthrough at , plans to build the world���s most powerful laser to further its goal of grid-scale energy production.

For a broader view of where large financings are concentrating, below we put together a list of 10 of the largest cleantech-related rounds this year.

Under the circumstances, the space looks underfunded

While sums going to cleantech-related startups aren���t tiny, looking at total investment tallies does leave one with the impression that the space looks underfunded.

After all, energy is a growth sector, and clean energy is leading the way. The forecasts the share of renewables and nuclear in the world���s power mix will rise to 50% by the end of this decade. At the same time, global power demand is set to grow by more than 3.5% per year on average over the rest of this decade.

Exits of venture-backed companies are also happening, another source of encouragement for startup investors. The most recent IPO in the space was geothermal provider , which went public in May, raising $1.9 billion. The Houston-based company had a recent market cap around $8.6 billion.

On the nuclear power front, , a developer of small modular reactors, carried out its own Nasdaq IPO in April, raising $1 billion. The Rockville, Maryland, company was recently valued at a little over $5 billion.

Looking ahead, it���s not far-fetched to see myriad factors that could power clean energy, sustainability and EV sectors higher. For clean power in particular, the voracious energy demands of AI are certainly a catalyst to consider. We���ll stay tuned to see if growing energy demand ultimately translates into greater startup investment.

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We���ve spent the past 12 months navigating a relentless wall of worry: a series of macro shocks that have brought venture capital LPs into a sit-and-wait posture. When you drill down, however, the innovation economy hasn���t had a sudden collapse in fundamentals. Investors��� flight to perceived safety fundamentally misunderstands the risk profile of the moment.

The flight to ���safety���

Feeling uncertain, the herd does what herds do: run toward the megafunds. 蹤獲弝け data shows that through April of this year, 80% of all U.S. venture investment went to rounds of $500 million or more, spread across just 29 companies.

Some have called this the bifurcation of venture. Frankly, it���s a flight from venture to something else entirely.

It���s an understandable psychological defense mechanism. If you���re an investment officer, it���s hard to be criticized for backing a brand-name firm. But let���s be honest about what that trade actually is.

When a fund manages billions of dollars, it���s no longer ���venture capital��� as we���ve known it. To return a fund of that size, you need massive outcomes. You are no longer investing in high-conviction, early-stage firm building; you are buying an expensive index of the tech sector.

To be fair, for some LPs that index is the rational choice. The largest institutions often can���t write checks small enough for emerging managers, and can���t even reach them through a fund of funds, so broad venture exposure is a reasonable, eyes-open decision. The LPs worth challenging are the ones who could invest in next-generation managers and choose not to.

And so it comes as little surprise to me that for two years running, LPs have their venture allocations are underperforming their benchmarks. But the apparent ���wisdom��� of the crowd persists ��� invest in the big name funds. Meanwhile, more than half of them say they aren���t considering investing in emerging managers.

The result? LPs who flocked to these funds to avoid risk have simply traded venture risk (Will this specific company work?) for returns risk (Will this massive vintage actually outperform the S&P 500?).

The signal in the noise

While the herd is busy overcrowding the megafunds or sitting on the sidelines, something interesting is happening in the quiet corners of the market. True venture ��� the smaller, disciplined, sub-$100 million funds ��� keeps working. The , a study of nearly 2,500 VC funds from 2000 to 2024, found that emerging managers had an average IRR of 17.15% as compared with established managers��� 9.94%.

At my platform, we see emerging managers who haven���t stopped deploying just because the headlines got scary. They���ve continued to find and attract founders who are resilient enough to build through this market cycle that���s overwhelmingly funding the giants.

These managers are the ones still capturing the original spirit of venture: high-alignment, high-conviction investing that isn’t dependent on asset gathering fees to survive.

The savvy money is already moving

The savviest allocators are . They recognize that the “safety” of the megafunds is an illusion and that the real alpha lies in the managers who are hungry, specialized and right-sized for this specific market.

For those willing to leave the herd, opportunity awaits. Let the tourists buy the index. We���ll be over here building the future.

is the co-founder and managing partner of , a 100% woman-owned platform investing in and supporting next-generation managers in venture.

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